On December 13, 1894, several days before Alfred's appearance before the Council of War, Mathieu attempted to meet with Colonel Jean Sandherr, the head of the intelligence service and a fellow Mulhousien. Mathieu then found a lawyer to represent his brother, Edgar Demange. If, impossible as it may be, he has done something wrong, he will tell me all and I myself will put the pistol in his hands." Paty de Clam refused. Convinced of his brother's innocence, Mathieu proposed a deal to Paty de Clam: "Let me get close to my brother You will listen to our conversation from behind a curtain. Paty de Clam indicated that the charges against Alfred were overwhelming and he would soon confess. Mathieu arranged a meeting with Armand du Paty de Clam, the commandant who had carried out his brother's arrest. Mathieu had no doubt that the arrest had been a mistake that would quickly be cleared up. Arriving on November 1, Mathieu learned that his brother had been arrested for treason. In October 1894, while he was in Mulhouse, Mathieu received a telegram from Lucie, Alfred's wife, asking him to come to Paris. Their son Émile served in the French artillery in World War I and was killed on October 22, 1915. Their daughter, Magui, married Adolphe, the son of Joseph Reinach.
In May 1889, he married Suzanne Marguerite Schwob, the daughter of a textile manufacturer from Héricourt, not far from Belfort. With his other brothers, Jacques and Léon, Mathieu followed the family tradition and worked in the cotton business in Mulhouse. At 18, he joined the 9th regiment of Hussars at Belfort but, unlike Alfred, he did not pursue a military career.
His father, the director of a cotton factory, chose to retain French nationality for himself and his young children, and moved the family to Paris. His schooling was interrupted by the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, a French defeat which led to the loss of Alsace to Germany. Mathieu was born two years before Alfred, in Mulhouse, Alsace, then controlled by France. Mathieu was one of his brother's most loyal supporters throughout the affair. Mathieu Dreyfus (1857– 23 October 1930) was an Alsatian Jewish industrialist and the older brother of Alfred Dreyfus, a French military officer falsely convicted of treason in what became known as the Dreyfus affair. Alsatian Jewish industrialist and brother of Alfred Dreyfus Mathieu Dreyfus, photographed by Nadar.
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